Mission to Saturn: Cassini and the Huygens Probe - Page 14 The results give 10 hours, 45 minutes, 45 seconds (plus or minus 36 seconds) as the length of time it takes Saturn to complete each rotation. Saturn This site is maintained by the Planetary Science Communications team at, NASA's Perseverance Captures Challenging Flight by Mars Helicopter, Hubble Spies Newly Forming Star Incubating in IC 2631, NASA's James Webb Space Telescope Primed to Lift the Haze Surrounding Sub-Neptunes, One Year From Launch: US-European Satellite to Track World's Water, Twin of NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover Begins Terrain Tests, NASA's Eyes on the Earth Puts the World at Your Fingertips. The period of rotation of a Solar System object is the length of time it takes that object to spin once around on its axis. Our scientists and hardworking robots are exploring the wild frontiers of our solar system. The results give 10 hours, 45 minutes, 45 seconds (plus or minus 36 seconds) as the length of time it takes Saturn to complete each rotation. By using Cassini gravitational data, along with Pioneer and Voyager radio occultation and wind data, we obtain a rotation period of 10h 32m 35s ± 13 s. This more rapid spin implies slower equatorial wind Donald Savage (202) 358-1727 Anderson and Schubert [2007. It takes 10 hours and 39 minutes for Saturn to rotate on it's axis. Your browser does not support the audio element. On approach to Saturn, data obtained by the Cassini spacecraft are already posing a puzzling question: How long is the day on Saturn? May 20, 1980. Saturn is the one planet that has the most extensive system of rings in the entire solar system. Found inside â Page 341The magnetospheres surrounding Jupiter and Saturn are unique in the solar system because of their important ... This large long-term drift in period strongly suggests that it does not represent Saturn's rotation period and so this ... Its orbital period is the same as its rotational period, 4.1 Earth days. S (b) What is the angular velocity (in rad/s) of Saturn? A. Neptune B. Saturn C. Uranus D. A and C E. All of the above What is remarkable about the rotation of Uranus? â When a planet completes one rotation around its axis, called a day of the planet. *Brings the story of the Cassini-Huygens mission and their joint exploration of the Saturnian system right up to date. *Combines a review of previous knowledge of Saturn, its rings and moons, including Titan, with new spacecraft results in ... On June 30 it will become the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn, when it begins a four-year study of the planet, its rings and its 31 known moons. Here's the puzzle: That is about 6 minutes, or one percent, longer than the radio rotational period measured by the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft, which flew by Saturn in 1980 and 1981. Explores the planets and stars in our galaxy, including the assumed Planet X, quasars, pulsars, and black holes. This is also assumed to be equal to the period of rotation of Saturn's interior. What is the period T? The answer -- 10 hours, 45 minutes, 45 ± 36 seconds -- was more than 6 minutes longer than the Voyager measurement. Saturn takes 10 hours and 32 minutes to rotate on it's axis, meaning their are 10 hours and 32 minutes in Saturn's day. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION “With Cassini in orbit around Saturn for four years or more, we will be in an excellent position to monitor long-term variations in the radio period, as well as investigate the rotational period using other techniques.". Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and second largest planet of the Solar System in terms of diameter and mass. Venus. A comprehensive and authoritative text on the formation and evolution of planetary atmospheres, for graduate-level students and researchers. Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 0.44 (10.2 Earth hours) Revolution period (length of year in Earth years) 29.46 Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 26.7 Orbit inclination (degrees) 2.49 Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.056 Mean temperature (K) 88 K (1 bar level) Among them Titan is the largest one with a diameter of 5,140 kilometres, and ⦠Rotation periods of 9h 55m 20s and 10h 31m 49s are found for Jupiter and Saturn, respectively. Mercury, Venus and Saturn be effected by Uranus motion effect on the moon motion. System III is based on the rotation of Saturnâs magnetic field, and was measured by NASAâs ⦠It demonstrates that the idea of a rigidly rotating magnetic field is wrong," said Dr. Alex Dessler, a senior research scientist at the University of Arizona, Tucson. The spacecraft recently flew past Saturn’s cratered moon Phoebe, where it captured spectacular images as well as data on its mass and composition. The entire structure rotates with a period of 10 hours-39 minutes - which is the same period as that of the planets eerie radio emissions. All the other latitude, known as System II has the same rotation period of 10 hours 39 minutes and 24 seconds. Which planet has the longest rotation period? Found inside â Page 73Herschel, in fact, found that these variations were perfectly regular with a period equal to the moon's orbital rotation period around Saturn, thus indicating that the axial and orbital rotation periods of Iapetus were the same (i.e. ... Although it has been long accepted that the magnetic dipole axis of Saturn is aligned almost exactly with its rotational axis (1, 2), various magnetospheric phenomena display rotational modulation effects near its nominal rotation period (3â5). Found inside â Page 263The planet It had been difficult in the eighteenth century to measure the rotation period of Saturn , owing to the lack of clear markings on its visible surface . Nevertheless , William Herschel had managed to estimate a rotation period ... Many of them, such as Pan and Daphnis, orbit within Saturn's ring system and have orbital periods only slightly longer than the planet's rotation period. "Saturn's magnetic field has more in common with the Sun than the Earth. Its period of rotation is 24 hours or a day. Rotation Periods and Speeds (At The Equator) of Solar System Planets Amanda Barnett Dr. Lori Glaze By relating waves observed in the rings to slight variations in Saturnâs gravitational field, the rotation period of the planet was determined to be 10 hours 33 minutes 38 seconds. A year is the amount of time a planet takes to complete its orbit around the sun. It is the third farthest moon orbiting the planet at a distance of 266.000 kilometers or 165.000 miles. Saturn has the second-shortest day in the solar system. Found inside â Page 221The visible features on Saturn rotate at different rates depending on latitude, and multiple rotation periods have been assigned to various regions (as in Jupiter's case): System I has a period of 10 h 14 min 00 s (844.3°/d) and ... Rotation Period: Revolution Period: Mercury: 58.6 days: 87.97 days: Venus: 243 days: 224.7 days: Earth: 0.99 days: 365.26 days: Mars: 1.03 days: 1.88 years: Jupiter: 0.41 days: 11.86 years: Saturn: 0.45 days: 29.46 years: Uranus: 0.72 days: 84.01 years: Neptune: ⦠Rotation Period of Saturn Determined. Saturn Earth Ratio (Saturn/Earth) Semimajor axis (10 6 km) 1,433.529: 149.596: 9.583: Sidereal orbit period (days) 10,759.22: 365.256: 29.457: Tropical orbit period (days) 10,746.94: 365.242: 29.424: Perihelion (10 6 km) 1,352.555: 147.092: 9.195: Aphelion (10 6 km) 1,514.504: 152.099: 9.957: Synodic period (days) 378.09--Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 9.68: 29.78: 0.325 "With Cassini in orbit around Saturn for four years or more, we will be in an excellent position to monitor long-term variations in the radio period, as well as investigate the rotational period using other techniques.". How can you take it all in? Start with the new Encyclopedia of the Solar System, Second Edition. This self-contained reference follows the trail blazed by the bestselling first edition. Kristen Erickson Recently downlinked imagery of a September flight has allowed the rover imaging team to put together a video of the helicopter. Found inside â Page 266Saturn's rotation period was measured in the Voyager era (1980â81) using periodicities in kilometric radio emissions (SKR), yielding an estimate of the rotation period (10 h, 39 min, 24s) with an uncertainty of Ã7s (Desch and Kaiser, ... Cassini took readings of the day-length indicator regarded as most reliable, the rhythm of natural radio signals from the planet. Saturn is the flattest planet. A comprehensive guide to the universe that focuses on the outer planets, which includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and beyond; discussing the evolving view of the solar system throughout history, characteristics of the planets, and ... Edited by space scientist Maggie Aderin-Pocock, this book is enthralling reading for everyone interested in astronomy and space exploration. (Enter the magnitude.) Found inside â Page 6174,898 miles (120,536 kilometers). Average Orbital Velocity. 6.0 miles/second (9.7 kilometers/second). Year on Saturn.â 29.4 Earth years. Rotation Period.â¡ 10.8 Earth hours (as measured by Cassini spacecraft). Day on Saturn (Solar Day). Saturnâs internal rotation period is unknown, though it must be less than 10h 39m 22s from magnetic ï¬eld plus kilometric radiation data. This second edition includes substantial new material throughout, including the latest findings from the New Horizons, Rosetta, and Dawn space missions, and images from professional telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the ... The rotation mystery. As a new volume in the Space Science Series, Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn brings together nearly eighty of the worldâs top experts writing more than twenty chapters to set the foundation for what we currently understand, while ... Using nine months worth of data from NASA's Voyager spacecraft, which flew past the planet during the 1980s, planetary scientists calculated Saturn's rotation period to be 10 hours 39 minutes 24 seconds, with an uncertainty of 7 seconds. Because of its large inertia, the internal rotation period cannot possi-bly have changed by such a large amount. Saturn first appeared in the ruins of Celestic Town along with Jupiter and Cyrus.He battled Mitsumi while Hareta pursued his leader.. Just like in the games, Saturn was assigned to Lake Valor to capture Azelf.At the lake, Hareta and Saturn battled; Saturn initially had the upper hand using his Gallade but Hareta was able to turn the tide. A day and year on each planet are the rotation period and orbital period respectively. Found inside â Page 378Maxima of Variable Stars of Short Period not of the Algol Type . Continued . V Lacertae X Lacertae SW Cassiop . ... All communications should be brief . ] The Variation in the Rotation Period of Jupiter and Saturn :According ... "The technique is particularly useful for the giant gas planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, which have no surfaces and are covered by clouds that make direct visual measurements impossible.". Found insideInstead of a period of 10 hours, 16 minutes and 0.4 seconds, adopted by William Herschel in 1794, Hall used a rotation period thirteen minutes longer â cited in almost all the textbooks of the day as supposedly that of Herschel though ... Destiny 2 Lost Sector Rotation and Locations. An estimate of Saturn's rotation (as an indicated rotation rate for Saturn as a whole) based on a compilation of various measurements from the Cassini, Voyager and Pioneer probes is 10 h 32 m 35 s. Studies of the planet's C Ring yield a rotation period of 10 h 33 m 38 s + 1 m 52 s â 1 m 19 s . Saturn's magnetic field has significant quadrapole and octapole moments, making approximation of the central field as an offset dipole difficult. This Hubble infrared image captures a protostar in the reflection nebula IC 2631, part of the Chamaeleon star-forming region. More recently, radio measurements from the Ulysses and Cassini spacecraft (8â10) have shown that the SKR modulation period varies by as much as 1% on time scales of years. "The technique is particularly useful for the giant gas planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, which have no surfaces and are covered by clouds that make direct visual measurements impossible.". One day on Saturn takes only 10.7 hours (the time it takes for Saturn to rotate or spin around once), and Saturn makes a complete orbit around the Sun (a year in Saturnian time) in about 29.4 Earth years (10,756 Earth days). Found inside â Page 139ROTATIONAL NAME MEAN DISTANCE MASS DENSITY ORBITAL PERIOD PERIOD (DESIGNATION) FROM SATURN DIAMETER (1020 KG) (GRAMS/CM3) (EARTH DAYS) (EARTH DAYS) Pan (SXVIII) 133,580 km 20 km 0.00003 0.63 0.5750 (83,000 mi) (12 mi) Atlas (SXV) ... âIn the last two decades, the standard rotation period of Saturn was accepted as that measured by Voyager 2 in the 1980s: 10 hours, 39 minutes, and ⦠When Cassini got to Saturn, it also measured Saturn's rotation rate from its radio emissions. javascript is enabled. Rotation of the Planets. They detected a modulation of radio intensity that suggested the planet rotated once every 10 ⦠A rotation period of 9h 54m 29s is found. Its day is 10 hours, 39 minutes long, and it takes 29.5 Earth years to revolve about the Sun. So asking what the rotation of Saturn is ⦠Saturn turns on its axis once every 10 hours and 34 minutes giving it the second-shortest day of any of the solar systemâs planets. The feature of Saturn known as System 1 rotates at a period of 10 hours and 14 minutes. The first hint of something strange about that type of measurement at Saturn was in 1997, when a researcher from Observatoire de Paris reported that Saturn's radio rotation period differed substantially from Voyager. Venus. From atmospheric composition to rotation, these two planets are extremely similar. For the sake of clarity, the day officially starts at 9 AM PDT, Destiny 2âs official reset time. Rotation periods of 9 h 55 m 30 s and 10 h 32 m 35 s are found to minimize the dynamical heights for Jupiter and Saturn, respectively. Maybe the Spaceship Moonâs libration or wobble is caused by the rotation of the Moon about the location of the gravity B-wave generator, which is located further away from the Earth, from the center of the Spaceship Moonâs geocentric center. Instead, they are looking for an explanation based on some variability in how the rotation deep inside Saturn drives the radio pulse. Cassini scientists are not questioning Voyager's careful measurements. This is your ideal introduction to Astronomy. The chapters take you to all eight major planets of our Solar System. All lessons are one-to-a-page. These are the first lessons to learn about planets. To get the best experience possible, please download a compatible browser. One day on Saturn takes only 10.7 hours (the time it takes for Saturn to rotate or spin around once), and Saturn makes a complete orbit around the Sun (a year in Saturnian time) in about 29.4 Earth years (10,756 Earth days). Its axis is tilted by 26.73 degrees with respect to its orbit around the Sun, which is similar to Earth's 23.5-degree tilt. Its axis of rotation wobbles so much that its rotational period varies from one orbit to the next. Gurnett said, "Although Saturn's radio rotation period has clearly shifted substantially since the Voyager measurements, I don’t think any of us could conceive of any process that would cause the rotation of the entire planet to actually slow down. Bill Dunford, What's Up Video: May 2020 Skywatching Tips from NASA. It takes 10 hours and 39 minutes for Saturn to rotate on it's axis. The latest available data suggests that the rotation period of Saturn is between about 10.2 and 10.6 Earth hours. Jupiter, with a more substantial difference between its magnetic axis and its rotational axis, shows no comparable irregularities in its radio rotation period. Saturn has the second-shortest day in the solar system. (The period of rotation of Saturn in hours is 10.7 hr.) The determination was made by Michael Kaiser and Michael Desch of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, ⦠Found inside â Page 167There is no end to the marvels in Saturn's treasure chest. Exactly How Fast Does Saturn Rotate? It's easy to determine the rotation period ofa planet like Mars that has a solid surface. Just pick a prominent feature, like a crater, ... The Sun’s magnetic field does not rotate uniformly. Anderson and Schubert [2007. We propose a provisional Saturn longitude convention, and we provide equations to compute a longitude ephemeris and to transform between the proposed system and the (10 hr 14 min) system used for the Pioneer 11/Saturn encounter. Dipole field strength: 0.215 Gauss-Rs 3 Dipole tilt to rotational axis: 0.0 Dipole offset: 0.038 Rs Surface (1 Rs) field strength: 0.18 - 0.84 Gauss. "Saturn's magnetic field has more in common with the Sun than the Earth. It cannot be observed directly because of the thick atmosphere, which rotates at changing speeds depending on latitude. Saturnâs rotation is even more complicated than that, since different parts of the planet rotate at different speeds. The measurement can be interpreted as showing that the part of Saturn's magnetic field that controls the radio emissions has moved to a higher latitude during the last two decades," said Dressler. A: Because a longer-term consolidation period like now comes hand in hand with sector rotation. For the latest images and more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission, visit http://www.nasa.gov/cassini . xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform'">. Site Manager: The exact rotation period of Saturn is still unclear. A detailed overview of Saturn's formation, evolution and structure written by eminent planetary scientists involved in the Cassini Orbiter mission. Your browser or your browser's settings are not supported. Cassini scientists are not questioning Voyager's careful measurements. rad/s (c) Given that Saturn has a radius of 6.0 x 10' m at its equator, what is the linear velocity (in m/s) at Saturn's surface? Found inside â Page 14Schroter observed a number of small spots on Saturn's globe, but did not time their motions to derive a rotational period. Although Saturn's rotation is almost as fast as Jupiter's, Saturn has barely 30 per cent of Jupiter's mass and ... Cassini, carrying 12 scientific instruments, is just two days from its planetary rendezvous with Saturn. The atmosphere is primarily composed of hydrogen with small amounts of helium and methane. Because Saturn is a giant gaseous planet, its internal rotation period cannot be accurately determined from visual observations. Saturn Facts. Found inside â Page 54Saturn's rotation period is still not well constrained. Cassini has confirmed a timedependence in Saturn's auroral radio emission found from a comparison of Ulysses data to the earlier Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft observations (Galopeau ... Cassini, carrying 12 scientific instruments, is just two days from its planetary rendezvous with Saturn. Since Saturn does not have a solid surface it is difficult to define a rotation period for the planet as a whole. In this case, a daily rotation. The SKR modulation period was determined by Voyager to be 10 hours, 39 min, 24 ± 7s (6). NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientists Find That Saturn's Rotation Period is a Puzzle, + Full caption and animation from University of Iowa, http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/videos/cassini/0604/, http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/space-audio. The measurement can be interpreted as showing that the part of Saturn's magnetic field that controls the radio emissions has moved to a higher latitude during the ⦠This value is now the internationally accepted rotation period of Saturn (7). This period was later adopted as the internationally accepted rotation period of Saturn [Davies et al., 1995]. If you know your browser is up to date, you should check to ensure that The results give 10 hours, 45 minutes, 45 seconds (plus or minus 36 seconds) as the length of time it takes Saturn to complete each rotation. CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY "Saturn's magnetic field has more in common with the Sun than the Earth. The Earth takes a full year (365 days) for one complete revolution around the Sun: The Earthâs axis of rotation is tilted by 23.5 degrees. It demonstrates that the idea of a rigidly rotating magnetic field is wrong," said Dr. Alex Dessler, a senior research scientist at the University of Arizona, Tucson. The Saturn System Through The Eyes Of Cassini is printed in full-color on 70-pound paper. For decades, Saturn has defied attempts to pin down its exact rotation period. South Pole Vortex D. None of the listed properties should have any effect on its ease of discovery. The book includes sections on how the human visual system works, how to view an object through an eyepiece, and how to record observations and keep a scientific notebook. One day on Saturn takes 10.7 hours (the time it takes for Saturn to rotate or spin once). Saturn makes a complete orbit around the sun (a year in Saturnian time) in 29 Earth years (10,756 Earth days). Saturn is a gas-giant planet and therefore does not have a solid surface. The eight planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have different rotation and orbital periods. There is different rotation periods assigned to different regions. This chaotic rotation may be the result of its eccentric orbit combined with gravitational forces from Saturn. The latest available data suggests that the rotation period of Saturn is between about 10.2 and 10.6 Earth hours. Its polar diameter is 90% of its equatorial diameter, this is due to its low density and fast rotation. This is because the composition of Saturn's atmosphere includes more sulfur. NASA Official: The radio sounds of Saturn's rotation, which are also the first sounds from Saturn studied by Cassini, are like a heartbeat and can be heard by visiting http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/videos/cassini/0604/ and http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/space-audio. Before the first planetary probe encounters, that period was estimated by other means to be about 10 hours and 15 minutes. And they definitely do not think the whole planet of Saturn is actually rotating that much slower than it did two decades ago. Instead, its rotation period varies with latitude. Found inside â Page 11The equatorial regions (NEB, SEB, and EZ; see Table 1.1) have a sidereal rotation period of 10h14m00s, and this region is designated system I. The remainder of the globe of Saturn is called system II with a sidereal rotation period of ... In a reanalysis of the Vector Helium Magnetometer data taken by Pioneer 11 during its Saturn encounter in 1979, using improvements in the data set and in the procedures, studies are made of a variety of models. Carolina Martinez (818) 354-9382
Revised and Extended Edition of `Practical Work in Elementary Astronomy' by M.G.J. Minnaert Any given day, only one Legend and one Master Lost Sector will be available to farm. Rotation periods of 9h 55m 20s and 10h 31m 49s are found for Jupiter and Saturn, respectively. System III has been given the rotation period ⦠Venus is the second planet from the Sun and is the second largest terrestrial planet.Venus is sometimes referred to as the Earthâs sister planet due to their similar size and mass. The feature of Saturn known as System 1 rotates at a period of 10 hours and 14 minutes. This book is a beautifully illustrated journey of discovery through the Saturn system. Found inside â Page 179The visible features on Saturn rotate at different rates depending on latitude, and multiple rotation periods have been assigned to various regions (as in Jupiter's case): System I has a period of 10 h 14 min 00 s (844.3°/d) and ... This includes the Equatorial Zone. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The rationale for this decision was based on the belief that the motion of the magnetospheric particles responsible for the radiation was controlled by the planetary magnetic field, which is linked to the deep interior. Jupiter, with a more substantial difference between its magnetic axis and its rotational axis, shows no comparable irregularities in its radio rotation period. Now a new study in the American Geophysical Unionâs Journal of ⦠This book investigates these behemoths and dwarf planet Pluto, as well as other curiosities within the solar system s farthest reaches, such as asteroid fields and the Kuiper belt. It stands alone as the definitive work in this field, and will serve as a modern messenger of scientific discovery and provide a look into the future of our solar system. JET PROPULSION LABORATORY As a result these 3 MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE On June 30 it will become the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn, when it begins a four-year study of the planet, its rings and its 31 known moons. The measurement can be interpreted as showing that the part of Saturnâs magnetic field that controls the radio emissions has moved to a higher latitude during the last two decades," said Dressler. The name suggests the Latin word umbra, meaning shadow. Dr. Michael D. Desch, Cassini Radio Plasma Wave Science team member, and scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., has analyzed Saturn radio data collected by Cassini from April 29, 2003, to June 10, 2004. "We all agree that the radio rotation period of Saturn is longer today than it was in during the Voyager flyby in 1980," he said. "I think we will be able to unravel the puzzle, but it's going to take some time," said Gurnett. Saturn's Gravitational field, internal rotation, and interior structure. B. Here's the puzzle: That is about 6 minutes, or one percent, longer than the radio rotational period measured by the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft, which flew by Saturn in 1980 and 1981. Science Writer: But ⦠Examines the five known planets that lie outside the orbit of Mars, discussing their history, composition, moons, and possible planetary neighbors beyond Pluto. Cloud motions in its massive upper atmosphere trace out a variety of periods, which are as short as about 10 hours 10 minutes near the equator and increase with some oscillation to about 30 minutes longer at latitudes higher than 40°. South Pole Vortex Instead, its rotation period varies with latitude. Saturn is made up of mostly hydrogen and is the least dense of all of the planets in the solar system. Saturnâs internal rotation period is unknown, though it must be less than 10h 39m 22s from magnetic ï¬eld plus kilometric radiation data. Saturn is visibly flattened at the poles, a result of the very fast rotation of the planet on its axis. It is the only known body in the Solar System known to do this. This is also assumed to be equal to the period of rotation of Saturn's interior. "This finding is very significant. Orbit and Rotation. ⦠He suggests the solution may be tied to the fact that Saturn's rotational axis is nearly identical to its magnetic axis. b) However, scientists have a new estimate of Saturn's rotation period. A. its rotation period is very long (about 12 years) B. its rotation axis lies in its orbital plane C. its rotation axis always points at the sun D. its rotation period varies from year to year Which of the following planets has a moon with an atmosphere and is named Triton? Paper hypothesis The Cycle 2737 years depends on Metonic Cycle, Metonic Cycle is produced by an effect of Uranus Motion on the Earth Moon motion. Page 1 of 2 - Saturn maximum capture duration with field rotation effects - posted in Major & Minor Planetary Imaging: Following on from a discussion about the maximum duration a video could be on the planets to avoid blurring due to the effects of planetary rotation, of which the general consensus appears to be 3 minutes on Jupiter and 6 minutes on Saturn.
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