Long-term outlook for people with flu-related complications, Flu in Older Adults: Symptoms, Complications, and More, Flu Cases Are Low Right Now, But Experts Think They May Increase Soon, The Ultimate Bathroom Stocked for Cold & Flu Season, The Flu Could Come Roaring Back This Fall. Other complications, though fortunately rare, can be much . Toxic shock syndrome. Flu infection can also . Flu: What to do if you get sick. Living With the Flu ; Complications ; Diet and the Flu ; Exercise and the Flu ; The Flu at Work ; Related to Cold, Flu, & Cough . In addition, some people may get ear infections, sinusitis, or bronchitis as a . Risk factors include age, ethnicity, existing conditions, and other factors. Children who were male, Asian race, and those with chronic . Neuromuscular and cardiac complications are unusual but may occur. You should also call if your cough does any of the following: Untreated, chronic bronchitis can lead to more serious conditions, including pneumonia, emphysema, heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension. By comparison, during the 2019-2020 flu season in the U.S., about 38 million people had the flu and about 22,000 people died of the flu. They also account for 71 to 85 percent of flu-related deaths, which is why it’s so important for older adults to receive a flu shot. Influenza: Therapeutics and Challenges Other complications of influenza infection include encephalitis and meningitis. If you have flu symptoms and are at risk of complications, see your doctor right away. Although flu-shot efficacy varies, the vaccine providers the best chance for preventing the flu—or at the very least, serious illness and flu-related complications. The hidden burden of influenza: A review of the extra ... [Medline] . Influenza is a viral infection that attacks your respiratory system — your nose, throat and lungs. Also avoid anyone who is sick. These include: You should contact your doctor, though, if you have a cough with a fever greater than 100.4°F (38°C). Four Children Die of Flu Complications UpToDate THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel ... The Pathology of Influenza Virus Infections For adults, emergency signs and symptoms can include: Emergency signs and symptoms in children can include: Influenza viruses travel through the air in droplets when someone with the infection coughs, sneezes or talks. The flu vaccine can reduce your risk of the flu and its severity and lower the risk of having serious illness from the flu and needing to stay in the hospital. For example, people with asthma may experience asthma attacks while they have flu, and people with chronic heart disease may experience a worsening of this condition triggered by flu. Zachary KC. More severe . That said, the 2017-2018 flu season had an unusually high number of deaths in the United States: 79,000. Pneumonia is among the more severe complications of influenza infection, an event most frequently observed in children or adults. Influenza-associated neurologic complications were 161 cases (8.1%); influenza virus A was detected in 113 (70.2%) cases, B in 47 (29.2%) cases and both A and B in 1 case (0.6%). Severe complications of influenza can involve the lower respiratory tract (pneumonia), heart (myocarditis), and central nervous system (encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, febrile and afebrile seizures, Guillain-Barr é syndrome, cer - ebellar ataxia) and can lead to death (1-3). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, respiratory problems, even failure, can occur as a complication of avian flu. The complications that can develop as a result of the flu range from moderate to severe. Flu virus infection of the respiratory tract can trigger an extreme inflammatory response in the body and can lead to sepsis, the body’s life-threatening response to infection. Most children are ill with the flu for less than a week. Saving Lives, Protecting People. ear infections. Usually, you'll need nothing more than rest and plenty of fluids to treat the flu. . Flu vaccination is especially important this season because the flu and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause similar symptoms. Frequently asked influenza (flu) questions: 2021-2022 season. some people are at higher risk of developing serious flu-related complications, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Reconstruction of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Virus, 2019-2020 Preliminary In-Season Burden Estimate, Who is at Higher Risk of Flu Complications, Who Should & Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated, Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV)/Nasal Spray Vaccine, Selecting Viruses for the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine, Flu Vaccine and People with Egg Allergies, Frequently Asked Questions on Vaccine Supply, Historical Reference of Vaccine Doses Distributed, Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN), Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY), How Vaccine Effectiveness and Efficacy are Measured, What People with a Staph Infection Should Know about Flu, Resources for Hosting a Vaccination Clinic, Overview of Influenza Surveillance in the United States, Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET), Weekly U.S. •. In: Conn's Current Therapy 2018. 1 However, a person who has previously had a serious reaction to a vaccination . This fact sheet presents vaccine recommendations and describes which children are at greater risk of serious flu-related complications. Accessed July 13, 2018. Influenza is a major cause of acute respiratory tract illness in children, infecting approximately 10% of all children in the US annually, 1 and hospitalizing up to 1 in 140 children. Many people can fight flu symptoms with plenty of rest and fluids. Influenza-associated neurologic complications have been observed at a low rate ranging from 1 to 4 per 100,000 person-years.7, 8, 9 More precise characterization and estimates of incidence of different neurologic complications have been difficult to ascertain for several reasons. According to the CDC, these groups should receive first priority when there is a shortage of flu vaccine. For most people, the flu resolves on its own. The severity, length of influenza, and age groups that are highly impacted, and complication rates such as hospitalizations and deaths differ significantly during different influenza seasons. A yearly flu vaccine is the best preventive measure for people at high risk of flu-related complications. Influenza-related complications that require urgent medical care can arise as a result of the specific factors associated with age or pregnancy, the direct effect of the influenza virus on the . The book presents modeling advances in different viral infections, dissecting detailed contributions of key players, along with their respective interactions. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Because of the overlap in signs and symptoms, when SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses are . The H1N1 flu, commonly known as swine flu, is primarily caused by the H1N1 strain of the flu (influenza) virus. This concise and easy-to-read book informs parents of the key facts about swine flu in a clear and uncomplicated way. It also features tips for preventing swine flu as well as advice on what to do if your child catches the virus. For older adults and people with a chronic illness, pneumonia can be deadly. Why It’s Better to Get a Flu Shot Now Rather Than Later, children and teens younger than 18 years who take aspirin or salicylate-containing medication, chronic endocrine disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic health conditions affecting the kidneys and liver, chronic neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as epilepsy, stroke, and cerebral palsy, chronic blood disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, people with weakened immune systems, either due to disease (such as cancer, HIV, or AIDS) or long-term steroid medication use, fever higher than 102°F (38.9°C) that’s not going away, especially if you also have chills or sweating, taking over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications, pain in the sinuses, upper jaw, and teeth, protrusions in the soft spots on an infant’s skull, crying that gets worse when the child is picked up. Anyone can get sick with flu, even healthy people, and serious problems related to flu can happen to anyone at any age, but some people are at higher risk of developing serious flu-related complications if they get sick. 7 Surprising Health Complications From Cold and Flu. Flu infection can also . With rare exception, no or inadequate treatment exists for the diseases discussed in this book. An underlying premise of the book is that understanding of their shared pathogenic mechanisms will lead to improved therapies. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Pneumonia; Sinus infection (); Ear infection The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the seasonal flu affects about 8 percent of Americans each year. This year's seasonal flu vaccine provides protection from the four influenza viruses that are expected to be the most common during the year's flu season. After a rather mild course of influenza, the patient developed pneumococcal pneumonia requiring hospital admission and later Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. All rights reserved. AskMayoExpert. The AAP's authoritative guide on preventing, recognizing, and treating more than 200 childhood infectious diseases. COVID-19 and flu complications COVID-19 can cause different complications from the flu, such as blood clots and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. For each possible adverse event, the report reviews peer-reviewed primary studies, summarizes their findings, and evaluates the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence. There are 4 types of seasonal influenza viruses, types A, B, C and D. Influenza A and B viruses circulate and cause seasonal epidemics of disease.. A child should be taken to their doctor if: Encephalitis is a rare condition occurs when a flu virus enters the brain tissue and causes inflammation of the brain. It causes a high fever, body aches, a cough, and other symptoms. This is a comprehensive reference that includes the basic science, clinical features, imaging, pathology and treatment of specific viral entities affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Flu is different from a cold. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes the alveoli to become inflamed. 14 Pulmonary Complications of influenza The most frequent complication of influenza is pneumonia, with secondary bacterial pneumonia being the most common form, and primary viral influenza pneumonia the most severe. This virus was originally referred to as swine flu because many of the genes in . People who are 65 years or older are at the greatest risk of complications and death from the flu. Psychiatric complications of influenza or its treatment are possible. Live attenuated influenza vaccine [LAIV] (The nasal spray flu vaccine). Juno J, Fowke KR, Keynan Y. Immunogenetic factors associated with severe respiratory illness caused by zoonotic H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses. Also, antibodies against influenza viruses you've encountered in the past may not protect you from new influenza strains that can be very different viruses from what you had before. Influenza (flu) can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. CDC's diagnostic multiplex assay for flu and COVID-19 and supplies. Here’s Why. This book includes the most recent advances on this topic, meeting increasing demand from wide circles of the scientific community. Accessed July 13, 2018. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. An individual's response to influenza is difficult to predict. dehydration. However, clinical evidence and epidemiological studies have shown an additional hidden burden of influenza disease from broader consequences of the illness. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. This volume sorts out the differences in the structure of the poultry, swine and equine industries, the biological differences of influenza virus from each animal group, and provides host, strain and lineage specific guidance and procedures ... Influenza-Related Complications Can Affect Everyone: Influenza (flu) is a serious infectious disease that can cause severe illness in people of all ages even if they are in good health. However, clinical evidence and epidemiological studies have shown an additional hidden burden of influenza disease from broader consequences of the illness. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Even if breakthrough infections do occur, getting your flu shot offers many protective benefits, for you and those around you. "Provides information about influenza and bird flu, including treatment, diagnosis, history, medical advances, and true stories about people with the diseases"--Provided by publisher. At first, the flu may seem like a common cold with a runny nose, sneezing and sore throat. This year, the vaccine will be available as an injection and as a nasal spray. Antivirals are useful tools for the young and elderly and those with comorbidity risks. Most often, simple remedies are all that’s needed to treat bronchitis. Accessed July 13, 2018. World renowned scientists critically review the most important issues in this rapidly expanding field. Show More. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It can be especially dangerous and even deadly for people in high-risk groups. Flu also can make chronic medical problems worse. Influenza complications beyond classic respiratory illness. Influenza viruses are constantly changing, with new strains appearing regularly. They also expect to see more flu…. Early treatment is also key to successful treatment of complications. Flu (influenza) is a common infectious viral illness spread by coughs and sneezes. And if you're sick, stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone so that you lessen your chance of infecting others. According to the CDC, people aged 65 and older are at a greater risk for serious complications from the flu.This is because the immune system typically weakens with age. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These include otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, and croup. Other complications of infection include acute respiratory distress syndrome, meningitis, encephalitis, and worsening of pre-existing health problems such as asthma and cardiovascular disease. 2021; doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7005a1. Most estimates of the global influenza disease burden focus on the burden resulting from respiratory symptoms of the disease. Another flu vaccine option for older adults is called FLUAD. Some people - such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions - are at high risk for serious flu complications. 100 Questions and Answers About Influenza provides answers to 100 most common questions about ... This content does not have an Arabic version. Accessed Aug. 26, 2021. Children and people with weakened immune systems may be contagious for a slightly longer time. Make a donation. However, smokers, older adults, and people with heart or lung problems are especially prone to pneumonia-related complications. In addition, some people may get ear infections, sinusitis, or bronchitis as a result . Four children across the state have died due to complications of the flu. A summary of patient's history is shown in Figure 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. 20th ed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual flu vaccination for everyone age 6 months or older. Influenza. Age groups who have increased risk include: Ethnic groups who have higher risk include: People with any of the following conditions are also at higher risk of flu complications: Other people who are at increased risk include: These groups should monitor their flu symptoms closely. High-risk groups for the flu are people that develop severe symptoms leading to hospitalization and, in some cases death. Psychiatric complications of influenza or its treatment are possible. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Due to lower population immunity from last year’s historically mild flu season and the relaxing of COVID-19 mitigation measures, health experts expect…. It may be possible to get a COVID-19 vaccine at the same time as your flu vaccine. A comprehensive MEDLINE literature review of articles pertaining to extra-pulmonary complications of influenza infection, using organ-specific search terms, yielded 218 articles including case reports, epidemiologic investigations, and autopsy studies that were reviewed to determine the clinical involvement of other organs. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. The so-called swine flu pandemic of 2009 was caused by a novel influenza A virus designated H1N1 based upon its surface protein types. It spreads through droplets from the nose and mouth of someone who has the virus. When H3N2 viruses predominate, the season tends to be more severe, especially among children and the elderly. Flu Complications.
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